Illustrated London News
Emigration Reports
1858

	
1858 The Illustrated London News

July 3, 1858					Page 14
The Government emigration ship Nugget, 1128 tons, of Liverpool, 
W. H. Bond,Commander, which sailed from Southampton on the 22nd of 
January with 355 passengers, arrived at Adelaide, South Australia, 
on the 3rd of April, having made the passage in 71 days.

				Page 23 (an advertisement)
STEAM BETWEEN GALWAY and NEW YORK
The shortest and most direct route to America.
The splendid and most powerful Ocean Mail Steam-Ship
 "American Empire,"  3000 tons burthen, 1000 horse-power, 
will leave GALWAY for NEW YORK, on TUESDAY,27th JULY next, calling 
at Halifax to land Her Majesty's Mails. 
Through rates. 
Passengers booked for New York from all the principal towns in 
the United Kingdom at one fare, viz.- 
First class £18; 
second class £10;
steerage £7. 
From Galway 
first class 16 guineas, 
second class 9 guineas,
steerage 6 guineas; including Steward's fee and provisions, but 
without wines or liquors, which can be obtained on board. 
A limited quantity of light freight only can be taken.

To be followed by the "India Empire," 5000 tons burthen, 
1000 horse-power, on the 10th AUGUST next. For freight and further 
particulars, apply to Baker, Adam, and Co., 8, Phillpot-lane, 
London; John Orrell Lever, Trafalgar Dock, Liverpool,&  Corn 
Exchange, Manchester; Jackson and Eastman, 1, Rumford-place, 
Liverpool; Elias Levy, Market-street, Manchester; Peter
Jones, Eden-quay, Dublin; Gregory O'Neill, Cork; Ryan Brothers, 
Limerick; and at the Steam Packet Office, Galway.

July 10					Page 27
AUSTRALIA
A telegraphic despatch from Malta on Tuesday states that the 
European departed thence on that day for England with the 
Australian mails, 105 passengers, and gold valued at £138,108. 
Her dates of intelligence are-
		Sydney, May 11; 
		Melbourne, 16; 
		Ceylon, June 9.
In Victoria the suffrage has been extended and the electoral 
districts are rearranged.
The import market had improved considerably. The wool and tallow 
marketswere in an inactive state.
The line of railway from Melbourne to Sandhurst had been 
contracted  for £3,357,000.
The electric telegraph was completed from Melbourne to Adelaide.
The production of gold was on the increase, the supply being 
about  25,000 ounces in excess of last year.Money was plentiful. 
Trade healthy. Prices tending upwards.
A bill to increase the number of the House of Assembly from 
60 to 93 passed the Lower House on the 20th, and is now before 
the Legislative Council.
A new gold-field has been opened upon the New South Wales side 
of the Murray River.

July 17					Page 48
AUSTRALIA
By the latest accounts received from Victoria steady material 
progress appears to be the rule in the colony.
The O'Shanassy Ministry continues to hold undisturbed possession 
of office.
Legislative action has been exceedingly fitful, and the actual 
progress made in the public business of the country scarcely 
appreciable. Almost the only exception to this general statement 
is the case of the Parliamentary Reform Bill, which has passed 
the Legislative Assembly, and was awaiting the consideration of 
the Council.
A correspondent of the Melbourne Morning Herald, writing 
from the Lower Murrumbridges district, says:- 
"The aborigines are dying away extremely fast: wearing clothes 
one day and none the next, gorging themselves with flesh meat one 
week and starving the  succeeding week, losing the greater part of 
their natural food, and living to a great extent in a state 
foreign to their forefathers'  habits, have had the effect of 
rendering  their always short lives still shorter. Some of them 
die of consumption, and have the same short husky cough so 
noticeable in consumptive persons at home."
Messrs. Cornish and Co.'s tender for the line from Melbourne to 
Sandhurst- a little more than 97 miles in length- at a total cost 
of £3,356,937 2s. 2d., or about £34,570 per mile, has been 
accepted, payment to be made in cash or debentures, at the 
option of Government.
It appears that the colony of Victoria contemplates obtaining 
about £1,500,000 per annum for the next four years for railway 
purposes by the negotiations of debentures in the London market.
New South Wales is also likely to put forth proposals for 
promoting similar objects.

						Page 57
The ship Edward Oliver, Captain Baker, 1166 tons register, 
sailed on Saturday last from Liverpool, with 481 emigrants on board, 
for Table Bay.
These emigrants are composed of English, Scotch, and Irish, of 
various trades, a fair proportion of them being domestic and 
farm servants, and have been sent out by Mr. Field, who is 
conducting the emigration to the Cape.

July 31			Page 109 (an advertisement)
AUSTRALIAN NEWS
General intelligence from the Gold-fields and principal towns. ]
Weekly, one Penny. No. 1, Saturday next. 
Published by R. K. Hales, 12, Catherine-Street,
Strand.

Aug 28, 1858					Page 205
GENERAL EMIGRATION.
Notwithstanding the strong inherent attachment of man to his 
native land,and the spirit of nationality which cherishes and 
preserves any antipathies,there seems to have been at all times 
more or less a migration and interfusion of tribes and nations. 
At present, though, there are neither great migrations of 
barbarians nor crusades, the intermingling of different people 
is remarkable. 
In 1857, according to the eighteenth report of the Emigration 
Commissioners,:-
	 212,875 emigrants went forth from the United Kingdom; 
	from Germany 118,990 went; 
	and from Norway and  Sweden 6407 went to Canada alone. 
What number went from France to Algeria and other places, from
Spain to Cuba and her other dependencies and connected countries, 
from Italy to South America, from Portugal to the Brazils, &c., 
we are not informed; but we know that from all these countries 
there was an emigration in these directions. 
Since 1840 there has been a continual stream of people from
Hindostan to the Mauritius, which, though partially suspended in 
1857, has since been again set in motion. In 1856, 12,854 persons 
went from the former to the latter, which is about the average of 
three preceding years. A still greater number seems likely to go 
in 1858. From India also there went to our West India Islands, 
in 1857, 5004 people; and this year preparations are being made 
to import a still greater number. From China there is a great
emigration, and not less than 10,000 persons left for Cuba in 
1857. 
From the West India Islands and from the Mauritius there is a 
continual return of small bodies to Hindostan - the labourers 
contracting to be sent home; and, in 1857, 4593 returned from 
the latter, and 620 from the former. There is, too, a continual 
return, to a small extent, of emigrants from the colonies and 
the United States into England, and last year 16,721 persons 
came back from the latter. 
Independently of individuals who travel about for business or 
pleasure, many of whom remain permanently in foreign lands, and
independently both of the forced and the quasi voluntary 
emigration from Africa, which continues to be considerable, 
there is a great and a continual mixture of different people. 
The items enumerated amount in the aggregate to 388,855 persons 
who, in 1857, went from one country to another permanently
to change their abode. The people of the United States, too, 
in unknown numbers spread themselves in the same year over new 
lands, or went to California and Australia. 
We have also an account of 33,000 Kaffirs having killed their 
cattle, from some superstitious notion, and emigrated into the
English colony at the Cape of Good Hope. We have no account of 
the foreigners who settle amongst ourselves, though many come 
annually. On the whole, therefore, it is not too much to say 
that at least half a million people sought in 1857 new and 
different homes, and the bulk of them went by sea.
The transmission of coolies, as the labourers of Hindostan 
and China are called, to the Mauritius and the West Indies only 
commenced in 1840; other species of emigration are of a much 
older date. From Europe and from Africa to America streams of 
people began to flow in the sixteenth century, and they have 
ever since continued, though not always in equal volumes. 
From our country, which from that period has incessantly sent 
forth colonists to all parts of the world, which principally 
peopled North America, and has wholly peopled, so far as they 
are peopled with civilised men, the islands and continent of 
Australia, and has planted colonies in every part of the world, 
there has gone more people, probably, than from any other country. 
Between 1815 and 1847, inclusive, forty-three years, no less than 
4,683,194 persons emigrated. To the United States went 2,830,687; 
to British North America, 1,170,342; to Australia and New Zealand,
613,615; and to all other places, 68,550. 
But this account does not include all who have gone. So rapid,
however, is the increase in modern times that of this number more 
than one half, 2,444,802 were sent forth in the eight years 
between 1847 and 1854 inclusive. In 1855, 1856, and 1857, the 
number of emigrants, from an improvement in the condition of the 
people at home relatively to the condition abroad, fell off 
considerably. It was in these three years, respectively, 
176,807, 176,554, and 212,875; while in 1854 it was 323,429;
in 1853, 329,936; and in 1852, 368,764. If, however, we add the 
number which emigrated in the last three years to the number 
which emigrated between 1847 and 1854, we find that in the 
last eleven years nearly two-thirds of the whole 3,011,038 
emigrated; or nearly one-third more emigrated in the last eleven 
years than in the first thirty-two years of the period. 
The war with Russia gave a check to emigration in 1855. 
The overdone condition of Australia and America continued the 
check in 1856 and 1857; and the demand for men for the army 
seems to have increased its force in the present year.
In the first three months only 19,146 persons emigrated, which 
is the smallest number during the same period in any year since 
1846, and is less than one-third of the emigration of 1852 and 
1853. Nevertheless, it is probable that peaceful emigration will 
again increase as the demand for men for military service in 
India lessens, and as the attractions of our new colonies, 
including those teeming with gold, augment. The great magnitude 
of the movement, however, since 1846, accompanied by greatly
-increasing prosperity at home, is the fact which most merits 
attention. Continuing year after year, it is of greater importance 
than any previous displacements of people recorded in history.

Of the 212,875 emigrants from the United Kingdom in 1857, 
120,279  were males, 89,202 were females, and of 3394 the sex 
was not distinguished;
199,371 sailed from England, 7755 from Scotland, and 5749 
from Ireland; 126,965 went to the United States, 21,001 to our 
North American colonies, 61,248 to our Australian colonies, and 
3721 to all other places. To other places emigrants find their 
own way; but the Australian colonies, the West Indies, the 
Mauritius, and now the Cape of Good Hope, employ their funds to
import labourers. The emigration from Ireland, which increased 
so much in 1847, after the destruction of the potato crop, 
has latterly diminished. In 1851 it constituted 75.76 per cent 
of the whole; in 1857, only 40.51. Of the emigrants from Ireland 
76.60 per cent went to the United States, 5.17 per cent to 
British North America, and 17.89 to Australia, in 1857. 
Those who have already arrived out remit money home for their 
friends and relations to join them. The sum sent last year was 
£593,165; in 1854 it was £1,730,000; and since 1848 has amounted,
in round numbers, to £9,937,000 - a sum, independent of what is 
sent home through private hands, more than sufficient to pay the 
whole expense of the emigration from Ireland. 
As some Irish emigration is paid for from other sources, a 
portion of these remittances remains in the hands of the people, 
and tends, we may hope, to improve their condition.

The number of male emigrants is always larger than the number of 
female, and the disproportion in 1857 was greater than usual. 
It is greatest in the emigration to Australia, being there as 
three to two. The general fact helps to account for the glaring 
vice of our great cities, which has of late engaged so much 
attention. In 1857 there was no fatal disaster to any ship cleared 
out under the Passenger' Act; the health of the emigrants while 
at sea was extremely good, and the mortality amongst them small - 
0.13 to 0.17 per cent. This improvement is attributed to the 
easier circumstances and healthier condition of the bulk of the 
emigrants. In the ships sent out by the Emigration Commissioners 
the mortality was greater than in other ships, which is ascribed 
to the emigrants being of an inferior class, and having with them 
a large number of children. Amongst the Calcutta coolies sent to 
the West Indies in 1857 the mortality was great - 17.26 per cent
- a proportion coinciding within 1 per cent of the mortality which 
prevailed amongst the emigrants from Ireland to British North 
America in 1847; from which it is inferred that the low and diseased 
condition of the people, in both cases, before embarking, was 
the chief cause of the great mortality. 
In 1857 the number of passenger-ships which sailed from the 
United Kingdom was 645, which, at an average of 500 tons per ship, 
gives 322,500 tons of shipping employed in this trade. This, 
together with the sums paid for freight, may give us some idea of 
the pecuniary importance of the continued transport of human beings 
from one place to another.

From our emigration, and from the Hindoo and Chinese emigration, 
all taking place from countries extremely populous and advanced, 
we may infer the general rule which emigration follows. 
In all times  and countries the people most crowded and most 
advanced have overflowed on those less advanced. Only by sending 
away some could others continue to improve. If in ancient times 
some migrations were of a whole people, including their chiefs, 
at present the emigrants from China, Hindostan, Ireland, and 
England, belong almost exclusively to the lower or least fortunate 
classes of society. They go forth to better their condition; and 
the half-famished and degraded peasant of Ireland, and the 
starving coolie of Bengal and of Kwangtung, become landholders in 
the United States, or acquire little fortunes in California, the 
Mauritius, or the West Indies, which enable them to return and 
import improvement into their native land. But for emigration, 
improvement would be slower at home, if it did not stop altogether; 
and thus emigration blesses those who go and those who stay. 
It tends to elevate and equalise the condition of all. 
The Irish peasant and the Asiatic coolie meet in the same 
work-field, and approximate to the enterprising Anglo-Saxon 
settler, whether he be tradesman, merchant, or landowner. 
How many ages will be required to assimilate all the different 
families of mankind into one great family, it is impossible to 
say; but the tendency is in this direction, and the process is 
now going on with unexampled rapidity. 
Our own little country seems the heart, which, in the main, gives 
the impulse to all the streams.

From the section headed 
"EPITOME OF NEW-FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC":-
Thirty-five destitute emigrants, whose passage homeward had been 
paid by the American authorities, have arrived in Liverpool from 
the United States. Of these, twenty-nine were Irish, three German, 
and three English. Seven were lunatics.

Aug 28					Page 210
THE "WELCOME" GOLD NUGGET.
For the following particulars respecting this huge nugget, stated 
to be the largest piece of virgin gold ever discovered, we are 
indebted to Mr. Haywood, Receiver and Paymaster at the Sub-Treasury, 
Ballarat, who also forwarded the sketch from which the accompanying 
Engraving was taken. 
We beg to express our thanks also to Messrs. Sands and Henny, of 
Melbourne, and to others, for sending us drawings of this nugget. 
"The 'Welcome' nugget, as the fortunate finders have named this 
large mass of gold, was found (says Mr. Haywood) at eight o'clock 
on the evening of the 8th June, at Bakery Hill, Ballarat, about 
190 feet below the surface, and is a very splendid specimen of 
almost pure gold. The dimensions are as follows:- Greatest length, 
17 inches; breadth, 11 inches; and thickness, 7 inches. The weight
is 184 lb. 9 oz. 16 dwt. Troy: and the value, as a nugget, I should 
think about £10,000. The intrinsic value has been calculated at 
£8700. The lucky finders consist of a party of twenty-two miners 
(all Cornish-men, with the exception of one from the neighbouring 
county), who had previously succeeded in obtaining from the same 
claim several smaller pieces, varying from twelve to forty-five 
ounces. I am informed that this is the fourth party who have
worked the ground; but in this instance they had put down a new shaft."
The Ballaarat Times makes the following remarks respecting the 
s ingular form of this nugget:- 
"It had a narrow escape from being two nuggets instead of
one, for at a point one-third from the end its continuity is only 
maintained by a narrow neck, which is so slight that the men were 
afraid to handle their prize much, lest they might break it in two. 
In shape it has a grotesque resemblance to a skeleton horse's head 
and shoulders - the narrow part we have mentioned representing the 
neck. Or it looks like a continent with a peninsula attached to it 
by a narrow isthmus. It bears upon its sides the marks of several 
hard blows from the pick."
The subjoined, from the Ballaarat Star, gives some interesting 
particulars relative to this splendid discovery:- 
"The finding of the 'Welcome Nugget', valued at some nine 
thousand pounds sterling, has come most opportunely as a relief 
to the somewhat depressed condition of mining affairs, and is a 
proud assurance to the miner that old Ballarat is not done yet. 
For a little space, distanced lately by the 'Blanche Barkly,' 
from Korong, the first and richest of the gold fields has again 
resumed her old position, and stands unmatched in the history of 
gold-mining. How many more such glittering treasures lie waiting 
for the pick of the plodding old ground-miner nobody can say; but 
that many similar masses have yet to be unearthed it is fair to 
presume, and the fact should induce a more thorough prospecting of 
the whole area taken up by our deep-lead sinkers. The lucky 
discovery of the 'Welcome' shows how uncertain is the fortune of 
the miner. Often and often had that part of the Old Gravel Pits 
been turned over, and after the lapse of several years the Red 
Hill Company have come upon the richest prize ever yet found,
and that, too, only a foot or two beneath an old drive of some 
one or other of the many parties that had previously worked the 
ground. As usual, we understand this magnificent lump was found 
on the reef, though near the gutter; and thus we have another 
argument in favour of thorough-reef prospecting. Considerable 
excitement of a pleasurable kind followed the announcement of 
the discovery in the papers, and, when the valuable mass was
taken to the Bank and Treasury, large crowds were in attendance 
to catch a glimpse of the 'Welcome.' With a praiseworthy eye to 
business, the hospital authorities speedily negotiated with the 
fortunate owners, who at once consented to the exposition of the 
mass in the Miners' Exchange for the benefit of the hospital. 
The huge lump was forthwith removed to the Exchange, and exhibited 
to the public, at an entrance fee of one shilling; the secretary 
to the hospital (Mr. Moore) issuing tickets of admission at
the door, and the secretary of the Chamber of Commerce 
(Mr. Henry Harris) having charge of the 'last wonder of the world,' 
in one of the inclosures of the Exchange Room. Eagerly crowding 
round the railed inclosure, the public were gratified with the 
sight of the new and very 'welcome' wonder, reposing on a wooden 
hand-barrow or tray, the yellow mass, almost pure relieved by a
black velvet cloth underneath. We have since ascertained that 
the receipts during the exhibition for the benefit of the 
hospital amounted to £67."


August 14, 1858					Page 140
AUSTRALASIA
From Australia the news is mostly about gold. According to 
present appearances a golden harvest is to be reaped in that 
land for generations yet to come.
NEW SOUTH WALES. The revenue returns for the first quarter of 
the current year give a total of £292,909, being very nearly 
£50,000 in excess over the first three months of the previous 
year. The yield of gold seems to be steadily increasing, though 
it is still far behind that of Victoria; and during the first 
four months of 1858 the escorts delivered at Sydney 69,404
ounces, and increase of 57 per cent over the returns for the 
corresponding period in 1857.
Both Houses of Parliament have adopted addresses to her Majesty, 
expressive of their grateful acknowledgement of the honour 
conferred upon the colony by her Majesty, in declaring that 
degrees granted by the Senate of the University of Sydney 
shall be entitled to the same rank, precedence, and consideration, 
as degrees granted by any university in the United Kingdom.

The Australian Horticultural and Agricultural Society is doing 
great things. The Sydney papers report the proceedings at a 
grand meeting, over which the Governor-General presided, supported 
by the leading men of the colony, at which the plans for a model 
farm of 150 acres were approved of. The cost- about £10,000- is 
to be shared by the society and the Government. On the evening of 
the 25th of May, a lecture on "St. Paul" was delivered at
Sydney, on behalf of the Young Men's Christian Association, by 
the Rev. T. Binney. His Excellency the Governor-General took the 
chair, and on the platform were several Ministers of the various 
denominations, together with the gentlemen of position and 
influence in the city.

VICTORIA. The great event of late has been the discovery of a 
monster nugget of pure gold at Ballarat weighing 2217 ounces. 
This, the largest mass of the metal yet discovered, is described 
as about twenty inches long by six or seven broad, and nearly as 
much deep. It had a narrow escape of being two nuggets instead of 
one, for at a point one-third from the end its continuity is only 
maintained by a narrow neck, which is so slight that the men were
afraid to handle their prize much, lest they might break it in two. 
In shape it has a grotesque resemblance to a skeleton horse's head 
and shoulders, the narrow part we have mentioned representing the 
neck.
On Friday the 4th of June, Parliament was prorogued by his 
Excellency. The exports of Victoria, for the first four months of 
the year, are returned at £4,561,636; and the imports at £4,737,210; 
the former showing an increase of about £36,000, and the latter a 
decrease of £221,000, as compared with the same period of 1857.
The statements regarding the gradual rise of the coast seem to 
be fully confirmed. Dr. Bekker gives the following amongst other 
proofs in a paper read by him to the Philosophical Society at 
Melbourne. The foot of the old flagstaff at Williamstown has 
now vegetation between it and the water, which formerly, at high 
tide, frequently reached its base. In the same neighbourhood 
skulls of sheep and oxen have been found imbedded between
layers of marine shells at four feet above high-water mark, 
which skulls had originally been thrown into the sea. At a point 
where Flinders' soundings, made fifty-six years ago, give a depth 
of ten fathoms, seven are only now to be found, and the Melbourne 
wharves have risen six feet in the last twenty years.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Apropos to the above subject, this colony, 
always active to any practical end, has commenced a survey of its 
coast, it having been ascertained, inter alia, that its newly 
finished railroad has been raised four inches within the last year. 
This little model colony pursues its course of unbroken prosperity 
without any of the turmoil and excitement exhibited by its more 
important neighbours, in proof whereof we have only to cite the 
fact that during the first eighteen weeks of this year the land
sales have amounted to 60,200 acres, of the value of £74,890.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA promises to sustain the movement that she has 
at last commenced, and the returns of revenue and expenditure 
for the first quarter of this year exhibit a balance in hand of 
over £4000. There is a free demand for labour, especially for 
farmwork. The mining operations give every sign of future success, 
and Mr. F. Gregory's exploring expedition, which was to
start from the Geraldine mines on the 16th of April, was expected 
to open up a fresh country in the direction of the River Murchison.

TASMANIA. There is no news from Tasmania beyond the appointment 
of three delegates from the Houses of Parliament to assist at a 
conference of the Australian colonies on the subject of a federal 
union.

NEW ZEALAND. The Parliament met on the 12th of April last, when 
the Governor 's address was agreed to by both Houses without a 
division. Notwithstanding the virulence of party squabbles in 
some of the provincial Legislatures, as Wellington and Otago, 
the game of national politics does not seem to be a very popular 
one, judging from the fact that only seventeen members attended
at the opening of the Lower House, when the Speaker had to announce 
the resignation of fourteen members.
The Nelson gold-field seems to  be just rich enough to encourage 
its diggers to continue the search; but we doubt whether steady 
labour in any other pursuit would not prove more profitable. In 
spite of the unsatisfactory accounts of the Dun Mountain coppermine, 
the directors are about to send fifty tons of "chrome ore"- whatever 
that may be- to England, for the purpose of having its real value 
ascertained by testing.

Sept 11, 1858						Page 215
By the last returns of the Registrar-General of Victoria it appears 
that the numerical preponderance of men over women amounted to 
134,000 in a population of 470,000. In other words, there were
only about 168,000 women to 302,000 men, or about 7 to 13.

Sept 18						Page 268
The arrival of immigrants at New York from the 1st of January to 
the 25th of August numbered only 52,964, showing a falling off of 
59,924 as compared with the immigration for the corresponding 
period last year.

Sept 25						Page 284
The magazine of the steam-boat Hammonia, which sailed from 
Hamburg on Sept.15, for New York, blew up at sea. Out of 293 
passengers of all nations who were on board, only five were 
injured.

						Page 293	
NEW ZEALAND LANDS.
Mr. Ridgeway, agent to the Provincial Government of Auckland, 
writes on this subject as follows:- "The rich uncultivated 
lands of Auckland, New Zealand, are at the disposal of the 
Provincial Government, and I shall be happy, as the agent of 
that Provincial Government, to make to every industrious man or
woman in the United Kingdom desirous of having it , of good 
character, and not through age or infirmity or other cause 
unlikely to form a useful colonist, a free gift of forty acres 
of good land, with forty acres more for each person above eighteen 
years of age, and twenty acres for each child above five and under 
eighteen years of age, whom he may take with him to the colony."

Oct 2						Page 308
The Government emigrant ship Shooting Star, 1160 tons, 
Captain Alcock, sailed from Liverpool on the 18th ult. for 
Melbourne, in charge  Surgeon-Superintendent G. Anderson, 
with 417 emigrants.

Oct 9						Page 329
DESTRUCTION BY FIRE OF THE "AUSTRIA" STEAM SHIP.
The ship Pemberton, of Virginia, has arrived at Bristol, 
and reports the total loss by fire of the steamer Austria, 
bound from Southampton to New York. The Pemberton fell in with 
the ship Lotas, bound for Halifax, from which vessel she 
received the above melancholy news. The Lotas had eighteen of the 
passengers on board, and reported that fifty others were on board a
French barque. Captain Haydtmann jumped overboard and was drowned. 
The Austria was a first class screw-steamer of 2500 tons, 
and 600 horsepower, and was employed between Hamburg, Southampton, 
and New York. She sailed from Southampton for New York direct on 
the 4th September, with 513 souls on board, the crew numbering 
about 100. Out of the 513 persons it is known that 68 have been 
saved,  and 445 remain to be accounted for. About a dozen of 
those who were  on board were English, and the rest were chiefly 
Germans, many of them of the better class. 
The Austria, like many other vessels which sail from Hamburg 
and touch at English ports, was an English ship. These vessels sail 
under the Hamburg flag for the purpose of evading the emigration laws 
of England. Thousands of persons from all parts of Germany
leave their country for the United States every year. Fifty of 
those who have been saved from the Austria, have, no doubt, 
long before this reached Halifax, in Nova Scotia, and the next 
packet from New York will probably bring particulars of the awful 
calamity. Eighteen of the unfortunate creatures saved have, it is 
likely, before this been landed at Fayal. 
None of the English mail packets touch there, so it is uncertain 
when we may hear of them. The Austria caught fire nine days 
after she left England, and when she must have completed about 
three-fourths of her voyage to New York. It is known that Captain 
Haydtmann is drowned, and his is the only fate of which we are at 
present certain.

Oct 16						Page 348
NEW SOUTH WALES.
The advices from Sydney extend to August 11. An address to his 
Excellency, moved by Mr. Parkes, stating that the present postal 
route via India has worked most unsatisfactorily, and praying for 
the opening of a line of mail-steamers via Panama, has been passed 
in the Assembly, with the assent of both the Government and 
opposition. The Chinese Immigration Bill, by which a tax of £10 
per head was laid upon the importation of Chinamen, having been 
passed in the House of Assembly, was referred to the Upper House, 
where, after warmer discussion than usual, in which it was 
manifested that the Council was opposed to the spirit on 
constitutional principles, the bill was referred to a select 
committee. The Legislative Assembly has recently voted the sum of 
£712,000 for the extension of railways to Penrith, Picton, and 
Singleton, by a majority of five to one. It is understood that 
the new lines will be proceeded with immediately. The Electoral 
Bill may be said to have passed through Committee by the whole 
House. Manhood suffrage has been adopted with a residentiary 
qualification of six months in one district. But this extension 
of the franchise has been coupled with a property suffrage, by 
which owners of freehold and leasehold properties,occupants of 
premises, and lessees of Crown lands, will enjoy a secondary
vote. A special representation has been conceded to the gold-diggers, 
who are enfranchised by a six months' holding of a miner's right. 
Voting by ballot has been confirmed as an essential part of the 
bill.

VICTORIA.
Parliament stands further prorogued, and it was not anticipated 
that it would meet for dispatch of business until October. Three 
nuggets, of the aggregate value of £14,000 were being exhibited 
in Melbourne, previous to being shipped. These were taken out in 
the Ballarat district, and were about to be shipped to London. 
They are respectively names the "Welcome," the "Little Welcome," 
and the "Nil Desperandum." 
The first named specimen, of pure gold, weighs over 2100 ounces, 
and is of singular form, far eclipsing the glories of the once 
celebrated "Blanche Barkly" nugget.

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
The Cape Moniteur contains intelligence to August 25. There are 
no further advices of Governor Sir George Grey's progress on the 
frontier. The steam troop-ship Simoom, Commander John M. Cook, 
arrived in Simon's Bay, August 24, from Calcutta, with a number of 
invalids, and with passengers for the Cape, including Captain Lucas, 
73rd Regiment. The screw-steamer Scotia, Captain Bell, from Amoy, 
with coolies for Havannah, arrived in Simon's Bay on the 24th of 
August. The Jacobus Marthinus and the Panaloon, with patent
fuel, from Swansea; the bark Nautile, from Havre; the 
Caroline Elizabeth, from London; the Valkyrien, from 
Copenhagen; and the Inglebay and the General Wilshire,
from Kooria Mooria, with guano, were at the Cape. 
The brigs Glenaen and Basileia, and the clipper-ship 
Lightning, were on the berth for London.

Page 353
The Mayor of Melbourne, Mr. Smith, is going a round of festivities. 
He was entertained at dinner by the Lord Provost of Edinburgh on 
Friday week, when a large party was invited to meet his Worship. 
On Wednesday Mr. Smith was in Manchester; in Liverpool on Friday; 
and on Tuesday next he will dine, by special invitation, with Sir 
John Ratcliff, Mayor of Birmingham.